Twin Layers of Lightning

Lightning Discharge and Fundamentals of Lightning Protection

A review of lightning protection concepts introduced by Benjamin Franklin (18th century) and James Clerk Maxwell (19th century) is given. Modern approaches to lightning protection of various structures and systems are discussed. In particular, the widely used electrogeometrical model (one version of which is the Rolling Sphere Method) and the topological shielding are presented. Bonding require...

Lightning Protection of Ehv Substations in Iran

Extra high voltage (EHV) substations are extremely vulnerable to the hazard of lightning strokes therefore, the shielding of these substations with a highly reliable protective scheme (shield wires) is an essential undertaking. In this paper an attempt is made to clarify the design procedure for shielding EHV substations against lightning with special reference to Iran.

Conjoined Twin

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I-21: Outcome of Twin Pregnancy

The start of lightning: Evidence of bidirectional lightning initiation

Lightning flashes are known to initiate in regions of strong electric fields inside thunderstorms, between layers of positively and negatively charged precipitation particles. For that reason, lightning inception is typically hidden from sight of camera systems used in research. Other technology such as lightning mapping systems based on radio waves can typically detect only some aspects of the...